Core
- Describe the effect of concentration, particle size, catalysts (including enzymes) and temperature on the rate (speed) of reactions
- Describe a practical method for investigating the rate (speed) of a reaction involving gas evolution
- Describe the application of the above factors to the danger of explosive combustion with fine powders (e.g. flour mills) and gases (e.g. mines)
Note: Candidates should be encouraged to use the term rate rather than speed.
- Describe the idea that some chemical reactions can be reversed by changing the reaction conditions
(Limited to the effects of heat on hydrated salts.
Concept of equilibrium is not required.) including hydrated copper(II) sulfate and hydrated cobalt(II) chloride.
- Define oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen loss/gain. (Oxidation state limited to its use to name ions, e.g. iron(II), iron(III), copper(II), manganate(VII), dichromate(VI).)
Supplement
- Devise a suitable method for investigating the effect of a given variable on the rate (speed) of a reaction
- Interpret data obtained from experiments concerned with rate (speed) of reaction
- Describe and explain the effects of temperature and concentration in terms of collisions between reacting particles
- Describe the role of light in photochemical reactions and the effect of light on the rate (speed) of these reactions
- Describe the use of silver salts in photography as a process of reduction of silver ions to silver; and photosynthesis as the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight (energy) to produce glucose and oxygen
- Predict the effect of changing the conditions (concentration, temperature and pressure) on other reversible reactions
- Concept of equilibrium
- Define redox in terms of electron transfer
- Identify redox reactions by changes
in oxidation state and by the colour changes involved when using acidified potassium manganate(VII), and potassium iodide. (Recall of equations involving KMnO4 is not required.)
- Define redox in terms of electron transfer
- Predict the effect of changing the conditions (concentration, temperature and pressure) on other reversible reactions