Core
- Describe chemical tests for water using cobalt(II) chloride and copper(II) sulfate
- Describe, in outline, the treatment of the water supply in terms of filtration and chlorination
- Name some of the uses of water in industry and in the home
- Describe the composition of clean air as being approximately 79 % nitrogen, 20 % oxygen and the remainder as being a mixture of noble gases, water vapour and carbon dioxide
- Name the common pollutants in the air as being carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and lead compounds
- State the source of each of these pollutants:
- – carbon monoxide from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances
- – sulfur dioxide from the combustion of fossil fuels which contain sulfur compounds (leading to ‘acid rain’ – see section 13)
- – oxides of nitrogen from car exhausts
- – carbon monoxide from the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances
- State the adverse effect of common pollutants on buildings and on health
- Describe methods of rust prevention, specifically paint and other coatings to exclude oxygen
- Describe the need for nitrogen-, phosphorus- and potassium-containing fertilisers
- Describe the displacement of ammonia from its salts
- State that carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases and may contribute to climate change
- Describe the formation of carbon dioxide:
- – as a product of complete combustion of carbon- containing substances
- – as a product of respiration
- – as a product of the reaction between an acid and a carbonate
- – from the thermal decomposition of a carbonate
- – as a product of complete combustion of carbon- containing substances
- State the sources of methane, including decomposition of vegetation and waste gases from digestion in animal
- Describe methods of rust prevention, specifically paint and other coatings to exclude oxygen
supplement
- Describe the separation of oxygen and nitrogen from liquid air by fractional distillation
- Describe and explain the presence of oxides of nitrogen in car exhausts and their catalytic removal
- Describe sacrificial protection in terms of the reactivity series of metals
and galvanising as a method of rust prevention
- Describe the essential conditions for the manufacture of ammonia by the Haber process including the sources of the hydrogen and nitrogen, i.e. hydrocarbons or steam and air
- Describe the carbon cycle, in simple terms, to include the processes
of combustion, respiration and photosynthesis
- Describe sacrificial protection in terms of the reactivity series of metals